Friday, 25 May 2012

There is something about equilibrium that the universe tends to be quite carnal about. It is reflective in every facet of creation itself, with an intimate entanglement of opposites. So, to make up for the classy hardback editions of coffee table books, are Chetan Bhagat’s paperback atrocities.
Being, for a while, an honest critic—the most disliked of all of creation itself—I shall point out some subtle hints given off by CB to warn us of the swirling vortex of insignificance in his pages…
Like 5 years back, I bought this book called Five Point Someone (FPS, for brevity and the horror the full name still instills). It would be interesting to find out “what not to do at IIT”, considering it’s unlikely for me to find out what “to do”—disregarding any hints given off by a tasteless book cover and font (size, typeface and colour, in their triadic disharmony), inside and outside. That is not to say that I did not give the book a chance to change the impression it made initially.For him to be your favourite, he also has to be your only.
This is only an introspective account of my regret at having crossed paths with FPS. Why does it bother me? Because reading a bad book is something you can never undo. It takes a part of you away, not to mention a handsome amount of time spent reading it (which, thanks to Bhagat’s impeccable grammar, redundant sentence formation, recurring thoughts and artless language, was not that significant a factor here). That is not to mention how sadistic I am. And if I could spare myself the leisure of quoting from real literature, “I’m here to bury Chetan, not to praise him.”
It definitely was, and is, and judging by his choice of themes to depict, and complexity of thoughts (rather, the lack of it), all his future works too will be, printed business models, incontestably mercenary. And that always comes at the cost of quality. The one and only good facet to it is that it makes those people take up books who would never have, otherwise. It’s disheartening though, that most of them don’t go beyond the horizons of Bhagatitude. And it becomes the cul-de-sac of their reading experience.
I started off with the book, without any hopes, and mindsets, for it was almost just out at that time without a lot of reviews. For which I am glad, else hope would have done this really terrible thing it does—lead me to a greater disappointment, which would go on to do its own little terrible thing—leading to a more acrid response on my side.
I did not finish reading the book. Nor did I read anything else by him. I could not convince myself to. Predictability is flirtatious, but my encounters with books had armed me to extrapolate the storyline of the only disappointment I happened to lay my hands on. The language and style(?) of writing made sure I contented myself with the calculated guesses. Eighty odd pages into it, I took the nearest exit, silencing the impressive narration of a teenager beginning to pen his inner voice, often running out of ink, and upon finding it, often running out of thoughts.
Some things worthy of noting down, albeit mentally, about CB-books are:
His books are not works of literature by any means. Period. Don’t call it that. (I say that because I have heard people say that as if they don’t realise what they are getting at.)
They are not novels either, by any norms of novel-writing. (It’s the same trick we use in college assignments. Increase the font size and gap between lines. Voila, 20 pages!)
His works are close to comic books, just short of that, due to a visible lack of speech bubbles, also devoid of any form of imagery (which comic books are best known for, quite literally so), also the most basic virtue of a novel. Not to mention the meek namesake of a storyline.
4 books down, the quality of work is still the same, which in his case, is not something one should pride in. (Read: Consistently moronic.)
The character names do not go beyond the most unimaginative, common Indian names. (And there are pretty flashy Indian names too, with a lot of consonants tossed in.)
The humour is not even borderline seasoned, or remotely satiric. It is at its best, anecdotal. (And of course, the best of it comes only once or if you lower your standards, twice.)
I personally did not want to be any character from his book (which again is the least an author’s imagination should incite), and I don’t really think anyone would. (This although disregards those hinting Bipolar tendancies.)
The sneak peek to the story behind the book is a peep show I would choose to avoid. It shows the wrong kind of flesh to my liking. (And that being “paid”?)
The detailing is pretty much anti-LOTR, and the scenes bask in a negative space of non-existence. Dialogues smeared across a desserted play, is pretty much it.
I don’t fully gather to what effect do people associate his name to their experience in reading. “I love to read” they tend to touch up with “my favourite author is CB”. It leads me to think what class of “Moron” they are carved out of. And that takes away any regard I might have had. Because for him to be your favourite, he also has to be your only. Along with him now come a myriad of other authors shelved under “Indian writing” (which I feel should be replaced by “Indian writing crap”), producing story books that flood the now-unfriended neighbourhood bookstores, and bring down a handsome number of trees, which would do mankind some good were they still upright. Some of them might be better than the others, no denying that (not the trees, I mean). But when I enter the store with my wish list in mind, and hopes mounting like the notes in a mental whistle, and have to realise that CB is the “in thing”, ergo they did not risk/bother getting copies of the well-writ brethren of books, should vengeance still not be served cold?
Ranting apart, few things CB is quite capable of, which we shall now applaud to.
He can consistently write orthogonal to humour, language, imagination and love simultaneously.
He can make your coffee taste bad if you read it with your drink.
You can never steal his masterpiece creation of rambling crap, because it is ALWAYS at the safest place. The future.
He wields the most potent weapon to take care of his sales. The law of large numbers, with India taking the “large” part of it through new horizons.
He is now called the “Underage (as if the moustache, receding hairline and veteran level lack of taste weren’t subtle enough clues) Optimist (oh come on!)”
It instills, like I mentioned in the beginning, horror at the realisation that the youth is holding CB as their standard for reading. Being generous, I would not deny it as maybe an occasional accompaniment to an otherwise thorough and tasteful bookshelf, but it cannot be the definitive identity of anyone’s reading habit. One man’s riches should not come at the cost of a million people’s acceptance of mediocrity. To the extent that New York Times called him “the biggest selling English language novelist in India’s history”. Kudos. So ‘A Suitable Boy’ and ‘The Great Indian novel’ist can go take a plunge in a ‘Sea of Poppies’ as the ‘God of Small Things’ heaves ‘The Moor’s Last Sigh’ on His ‘Train to Pakistan’.
I’m sure although that the next trip anywhere, will have yet another traveller looking intently into a CB book. For his benefit, I hope he moves on. And so does everyone else with anything CB.
Because CB here does not quite translate to C’est bien.
And life is too short for a bad coffee and worse books.
This is a slightly rewritten version of what the author first posted on his blog.

2 states of chetan bhagat

thinking is a freedom..it varies from person to person. whatever i think is my individuality which is the mirror of my life...

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF "2 STATES" WRITTEN by CHETAN BHAGAT.

Author: Dweep Subba / Labels: , , , , , , , ,






2 STATES" - CHETAN BHAGAT

The Novel "2 States", written by Chetan Bhagat is a Novel which deals with Modern aesthetic problems faced by the people especially the youths of this present society. The Novel displays an Autobiographical element for it shows the flashback moments of the author and his Marriage. Bhagat's writing style tends to be simple. The story in "2 states" has been dealt in a kind of Act I, II, III, IV, V way. We find Tongue Cheek humor and reality in his work. Basically, in "2 States" he has tried to show the Indian Society bounded by certain Culture and Tradition, it is about how Love marriages work in India and is again typical in the first person narration.

The story is about Krish and Ananya who hails from different states of India who are deeply in Love and wants to get married against their parent's wish. The name "2 States" and the Map in the cover page only tells the story of a boy who hails from Punjab and the girl Ananya, who hails from Chennai. The whole story is based upon the struggle done by both of them (Krish and Ananya) to convince their parents for Marriage. The story becomes more exciting with the usage of "Bhagatlogia". The whole plot is loosely based on the life story of Chetan Bhagat and his wife Anusha who are from Delhi and Tamil Nadu respectively.

So, Lastly the novel "2 States" is highly appealing and tells the originality of the Indian society and it's culture and tradition which is far more different than the Western lifestyle and the Marriage system. Bhagat's writing is basically known as "Pulp Fiction" and finally there are many youngster writer following his footsteps.

revolution 2020

Revolution 2020 is the story of three childhood friends: Gopal, Raghav, and Aarthi. The story is setup in the holy-city of Varanasi. Gopal and Raghav are schoolmates from the childhood and share the same bench in school. Aarthi is also from the same class. Gopal loves Aarthi from the school days.
The story’s narrator is Gopal. I am not going to tell you the entire story and be a suspense spoiler.
Gopal comes from a filmy-Indian-middle-class background. Raghav is from an almost well to do family, where as Aarathi comes from a kind of bureaucratic and political family. Three of them have their own ambitions in life. Gopal wants to be a rich man, Raghav wants to change the world, Aarthi wants to become an air hostess.
After the failure in getting through JEE and AIEEE exams, Gopal is forced by his father to repeat the exams next year. But Raghav secures a good rank and joins the top college in Varanasi. Aarthi falls in love with Raghav.
What happens when Gopal returns to Varanasi after his one year stint at cracking the entrance exams is the main part of the story. Apart from losing his love, he couldn’t find a seat in engineering to fulfill his father’s dream.
How Gopal chooses corruption as an aid to become a successful person while Raghav tries to change the world(read as India) with his revolutionary ideals is what the middle pages of the book are all about.
In the ending, things kind of change though, and you will be left to yourself to wonder who is right and who is wrong. Except for a faint hint in the end, Chetan doesn’t really judge what Gopal does is good or bad.
Following the tradition of the latest Bollywood movies, you can find few swearing words which start with letters b and a and f. I leave it your imagination to figure out those words. I really wonder whether Chetan added those words in the drafts after those movies are released or those words were there from the beginning.
Few of my favorite sentences:
I am reproducing few of the sentences I have underlined while I was reading the book.
People come to my city to feel the presence of god, but I could feel her presence everywhere.
Ease of cremation is one solid advantage of being in Varanasi. The death industry drives the city.
Stupid people go to colleges. Smart people own them.
We don’t fix cases, we fix the people in the cases.
What I din’t like? (And may be you don’t like too)
You will miss the witty observations for which Chetan is known for. Two States has a lot of lol-moments for the reader. But in this book, even though there are few sentences which make you lol, the obvious fun factor is missing when you compare this to his previous books.
The story becomes too predictive in few places and you might as well skip through paragraphs at times.
I guess, in some places, the character development is not handled well. There were not enough reasons shown to us by the author previously in the book to make us believe the characters’ actions. The actions come as a surprise, but they don’t convince us to believe.
The first hundred pages don’t really add much to the entire theme of the book. It could have been easily conveyed in less pages without really degrading the overall effect of the story.
I would have liked the book more if it had handled the ‘revolution part’ in more detail instead of focusing more material on the triangular-love-story. May be Bollywood needs it.
So what do I have to say finally?
I usually hate giving a rating based on five stars. It’s really useless to rate a book like that.
If you are a Chetan Bhagat’s fan, I am sure you will definitely like this book. But I am not sure whether you will like it better than any of his previous books.
Even if you are a fan of Chetan Bhagat, you will be disappointed if you expect a lot of revolutionary stuff from the book. It is a regular love story with a modern backdrop and written in a typical Chetan Bhagat style. The book’s title could have been anything else, for Revolution 2020 is not the major theme in the book.
Four books after his bestseller debut novel, Five Point Someone, I guess Chetan is unable to re-create the same magic like he did with his first book.
I think Revolution 2020 is a good book, but not as revolutionary as one might guess from the book’s title and book’s back-cover summary. Of course, I don’t expect in people changing the world just by reading books. But from the book’s title and pre-release interviews and promotions on the Internet, it is reasonable for an average reader to expect more ground breaking stuff than a regular two-boys-love-the-same-girl-love-story sprinkled with corruption in India.
It’s a really good read if you like reading light fiction.
If you like reading books to pamper your literary senses, definitely this book is not for you.
If you haven’t read Chetan’s books before, I would say you better start with Five Point Someone.
If you are too lazy to read books, then wait, I am sure this book has everything in it to be a Bolloywood movie.

Biography of author Chetan Bhagat

Biography of author Chetan Bhagat


Biography of author chetan bhagat
Author Chetan bhagat
Chetan bhagat is one of the most popular authors in fiction category in India.  The author of five point someone (sometimes written as 5.someone by chetan bhagat) got his fame from his first novel. He has written fiction novels like one night at call centre, three mistakes, 2 states. Chetan bhagat new release is Revolution 2020.
Chetan bhabat is a Delhi born and did his studies from Army public school, New Delhi. Later, he took admission in Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) where he did his bachelors of engineering specializing in mechanical engineering. After completing his mechanical engineering from IIT he cracked (Common admission test) CAT and got admission in Indian Institute of management Ahmadabad (IIMA) where he was named as “Best outgoing student”. After completing his MBA chetan bhagat got a job at Deutsche bank, Hong Kong for 11 years as a Investment banker. In Chetan bhagat family there is a wife and two children, Anusha bhagat is wife of chetan bhagat. In 2008 chetan with his wife left his investment banking job and moved to Mumbai permanently where he started his career as full time author. Chetan bhagat wife hot soup is his favorite.
Chetan bhagat has a vivid style of writing with all his novels written in third person. Once asked about the use of numbers as his novel titles he humor-sly replied to reporter “I’m a banker, I can’t get numbers out of my head”. When his novels reviewed badly by most critics, he called his books as entertainment rather than serious literature. Living so long out of India made him an NRI and currently he is having the citizenship of Singapore. He also writes articles on political issues in columns like Dainik bhaskar and Times of India, Some of his columns have been discussed in parliament. Chetan bhagat speech “Spark” delivered at Pune was like by lot of people and got a mass publication in newspapers.
Recently chetan bhagat is called at Vidya knowledge Park, Meerut for an Interaction on topic “Success is not an accident” on 17 March 2012.
Chetan bhagat biography is available online which is read by lots of people. He has his own blog naming chetanbhagat blog and twitter account as chetanbhagat twitter to connect with his fans even on the move.  There are also information blogs for his books available like info chetan bhagat.com. People sometimes to contact chetan bhagat people misunderstood his email id of as chetan bhagat @gmail.com however chetan bhagat‘s email id is anubha@chetanbhagat.com. More infor mation on chetan bhagat can be found on chetanbhagat website but no address of chetan bhagat is available there. You can find his novels at chetan bhagat amazon.

chetan's writing style

Sitting good: Chetan Bhagat. Photo: PTI
Sitting good: Chetan Bhagat.
What makes Chetan Bhagat, India's only author selling in millions, such a publishing phenomenon?
           Whether you love him or hate him, chances are, you've read him. With almost five million books sold since his first paperback blockbuster came out, almost everyone owns a copy of at least one of Bhagat's five bestsellers. He might not be a literary purist's favourite man, but Bhagat has made India sit up and notice him. What more, Bhagat has made India read.
His fan base is so strong it dwarfs the haters by the sheer power of numbers. His books are read and reread, becoming blueprint for successful and unsuccessful films. His latest book, Revolution 2020, had the online bookstore, Flipkart.com, hiring 500 extra delivery boys just for a day to deliver the pre-ordered copies. And again and again, we come back to the question of…why?
Meshing literature and popular fiction has always been a controversial subject, and authors like Bhagat crank up the heat on the already fiery debate amongst readers and literary theorists. The word within literary circuits is that writing like Bhagats isn't really literature, but the word on the street says otherwise. And in the world of publishing and book sales, the word on the street definitely counts. Saying Chetan Bhagat is widely read is probably understating the fact, and there is something, or perhaps many things, that are making his books work, and work well. Light, frothy plotlines, fairly surmountable problems, underdog heroes and girls-next-door make up almost every Chetan Bhagat book. Voracious readers have probably read a Chetan Bhagat and told themselves that anyone could write like that. But let's look a little closer. Could they?
Priced nice
There is, of course, the question of pricing. Books are more expensive than ever before, and the more beautiful, hard bound wonders are nearly unaffordable for most students and youngsters. Books have become assets in more ways than one, and reading them is no longer only a question of choice and preference, but also a financial consideration. And then we have Chetan Bhagat's first four books available at an easy Rs. 95, and his newest one marked at Rs. 140, which is still much lower than most paperbacks lining the shelves. While this cannot be quoted as the only reason for his success, it definitely encourages sales, allowing even the non-readers to pick up a copy without thinking twice.
The pricing though, is just part of the story, and the idea of understanding and appreciating Chetan Bhagat's appeal brings us to the all-important question of ‘good writing' and ‘bad writing', a tricky subject in itself. There is a widespread assumption that good writing, by virtue of being good, also has to be rarefied, eloquent, often complicated and deeply layered. By elimination, bad writing therefore becomes anything that is too simple and unchallenging. And yes, Bhagat's books are definitely those things. They don't speak in coded metaphors and allusions. In fact, the message in them is as plain as daylight. But they have managed to reach out to more people than any esoteric tome ever could.
Repetitive?
Some critics accuse Bhagat's books of having almost identical characters and elementary plotlines. Every book is basically a love story, and Bhagat admitted in Revolution 2020's Delhi book launch that he thinks youngsters treat their love-lives as one of their biggest priorities, which makes him choose love stories as the framework of his books. Whether he is right or not, the romantic plotlines have definitely worked for him so far. At the same time, he also weaves in contemporary urban issues in each of his books, touching upon the problems of coaching institutes, call centres, student suicides, corruption and misplaced ambition. His books deal with urban cities and urban issues; inter-caste marriages, parental pressures, career choices. The latest, Revolution 2020, mixes it up a little, by setting the scene of the action in Varanasi. In each of his books, there's the almost certain possibility of the reader finding at least one character to relate to. The language too, is our very own — a familiar, fast spreading mix of Hindi, English and the appropriate regional language based on the context of that particular book. Bhagat doesn't make you guess your way through the meaning of a word; he doesn't make you run to your dictionaries. He writes like he talks, and he talks like most of India is talking. English isn't our first language, and classical literature not accessible to majority of the population. Bhagat has given a voice to the middleclass indian, and allowed each one of his readers to pick up his book and think that if they wanted to, they could write what he's written. That they could tell their own story in the same words, because, after all, the words Bhagat uses are their own, the jokes and references ones they understand and use themselves, the problems so familiar they get to the solution before the book can. Before authors like Chetan Bhagat, English fiction was rendered unapproachable to a majority of people. Now, even the non-readers don't mind an occasional quick read, and if a book can get even the non-readers reading, it must be doing something right. Stephen King has been known to call himself the literary equivalent of a ‘big mac and cheese'. Perhaps in Bhagat, we have found the literary equivalent of chaat and paani puri.
The numbers game
Bhagat’s new book,Revolution 2020, has already sold 750,000 copies since its publication in October, 2011. Some of the other bestsellers in the popular fiction genre:
Advaita Kala’s Almost Single (HarperCollins India) sold 15,000 copies in its first 10 months.
Anuja Chauhan’sZoya Factor(HarperCollins India) sold 20,000 copies in its first six months.
Amit Varma’sMy Friend Sancho(Hachette India) sold over 15,000 copies in the first few months.
Karan Bajaj’s debut novel Keep off the Grass(HarperCollins India) sold 25,000 copies in the first six months.

Saturday, 19 May 2012

Knowledge is not awareness



Awareness is that state of mind which observes something without any condemnation or acceptance, which merely faces the thing as it is. When you look at a flower non botanically, then you see the totality of the flower; but if your mind is completely taken up with the botanical knowledge of what the flower is, you are not totally looking at the flower. Though you may have knowledge of the flower, if that knowledge takes the whole ground of your mind, the whole field of your mind, then you are not looking totally at the flower.
So, to look at a fact is to be aware. In that awareness, there is no choice, no condemnation, no like or dislike. But most of us are incapable of doing this because traditionally, occupationally, in every way, we are not capable of facing the fact without the background.
We have to be aware of the background. We have to be aware of our conditioning, and that conditioning shows itself when we observe a fact; and as you are concerned with the observation of the fact and not with the background, the background is pushed aside. When the main interest is to understand the fact only, and when you see that the background prevents you from understanding the fact, then the vital interest in the fact wipes away the background.
Source - Jiddu Krishnamurti Book "The Book of Life"

Thor's Well a/k/a "the gates of the dungeon" on Cape Perpetua, Oregon. At moderate tide and strong surf, flowing water creates a fantastic landscape
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Emerald Lake in the crater of an extinct volcano.  Tongariro   National Park - NewZealand

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Restaurant on a cliff on the east coast of Zanzibar .
Depending on the tide the restaurant can be reached both on foot and by boat.
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Office of Selgas Cano in Madrid

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Desert with Phacelia (Scorpion Weed). Flowering once in several years.

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Balloons in  Cappadocia .  

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Dubai. The view from the skyscraper BurjKhalifa. The height of buildings is 828 m (163 floors).

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And this is the view down

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These trees grow in the forest near Gryfino, Poland. The cause of the curvature is unknown 

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The border between Belgium and the Netherlands in a cafe

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Twice a year in the Gulf of Mexico rays migrate. About 10 thousand stingrays swim from the Yucatan Peninsula to Florida in the spring and back in the fall.

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In the resort town of  Skagen  you can watch an amazing natural phenomenon. This city is the northernmost point of Denmark, where the Baltic and North  Seas meet. The two opposing tides in this place can not merge because they have different densities.

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In the Chinese province of  Shandong  is a bridge across the Gulf of  Jiaozhou . The bridge length over 36 km is calculated for eight car lanes, and is the longest sea bridge in the world.

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Day and night. The monument in Kaunas , Lithuania
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An unusual tunnel in California 's Sequoia National Park

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This statue, created by Bruno Catalano, is located in France

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Family photo

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The longest traffic jam in the world recorded in China . Its length is 260 kilometers
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Paris computer games store. In fact, the floor is absolutely flat.

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Marcus Levine - slaughtering an artist in the literal sense. He creates his paintings by nailing a white wooden panel.. At his latest series of paintings exhibited in a gallery in London , Marcus has spent more than 50 000 pieces of iron.

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In the city of Buford (USA) lives just one person. He works as a janitor and as a mayor.

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Autumn camouflage

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Haus Rizzi - Germany .

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Lena Pillars.  Russia , the Lena River .

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Banpo Bridge in Seoul , South Korea

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Favelas of Brazil . The boundary between wealth and poverty.

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Lost paradise in the Indian Ocean . Isle of Lamu.

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Balcony of floor 103 in Chicago .

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From the outside it looks like

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View of the sunset from inside the wave.

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This is a unique geological phenomenon known as Danxia landform. These phenomena can be observed in several places in China . This example is located in Zhangye, Province of Gansu. The color is the result of an accumulation for millions of years of red sandstone and other rocks.

Это
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In northwestern Montana , USA . The water is so transparent that it seems that this is a quite shallow lake. In fact, it’s very deep. 

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Airport in the Maldives is located on an artificial island in the middle of the Indian Ocean

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Lighthouse guard in Mare , France must be one of the most courageous people on the planet!
Not everyone will have a smoke in such weather, and in such a place!

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Photo of storm in Montana , USA , 2010

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Skyscraper-Crescent Crescent Moon Tower ( Dubai )

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Heavy fog in Sydney , which enveloped the whole city

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The river above the river: Magdeburg Water Bridge, Germany.

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Morning Glory - kind of clouds observed in the Gulf of Carpentaria in northern Australia

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Gibraltar Airport is one of the most extraordinary airports around the world

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Friday, 18 May 2012

twelve best novelist at present

culture show dozen
The books dozen (standing, from left): David Abbott, Deborah Kay Davies, Eleanor Thom, Adam Haslett, Evie Wyld, Rebecca Hunt, Jim Powell; (seated, from left): Samantha Harvey, Stephen Kelman, Ned Beauman, Jenn Ashworth, Anna Richards Photograph: BBC
The growth of British literary fiction has been one of the most extraordinary publishing phenomena of recent decades. Not everyone has been pleased. The label "literary fiction" is often used disparagingly, as if "literary" were synonymous with "pretentious" or "plot-free". "The two most depressing words in the English language are 'literary fiction'," declared David Hare recently in this newspaper. Some like to say that there is no such thing: there are only good novels and bad novels. Yet authors and publishers and readers recognise that literary fiction exists and offers its own particular pleasures. Its surprising commercial health has given would-be novelists the confidence to experiment, to trust they can find readers interested in the new shapes fiction can take.
I was recently asked by BBC2's The Culture Show to chair a panel of five judges in an effort to identify promising debut novelists. Publishers submitted their outstanding first novels of the past couple of years, and we had to choose the 12 "best". What we got were examples of what we have come to call "literary fiction". We found our dozen, and in the course of reading 57 novels I got a picture of the state of British literary fiction. Reading all these first-time authors you could see the representative habits and ambitions of the would-be literary novelist, and see, sometimes all too clearly, the influences of established literary fiction.
What is literary fiction? It is not genre fiction. Hilary Mantel's Wolf Hall is a historical novel. Kazuo Ishiguro's Never Let Me Go was shortlisted for the Arthur C Clarke Award, the leading British prize for science fiction. Yet you only have to think about these two examples to see how they escape their genres. Mantel's novel revisits the favourite stamping ground of historical fiction – Henry VIII and his wives – in order to rethink what it might be to see events filtered through the consciousness of a person from a distant age. Ishiguro takes a dystopian hypothesis – human clones being bred for their organs – and then declines to put in place any of the sci-fi framework that would allow us to understand how this could be. Indeed, the whole interest of his story is in the limits placed upon its narrator. These are both "literary" novels because they ask us to attend to the manner of their telling. And, despite their narrative demands, they have both found hundreds of thousands of readers willing to do so.
People have been talking of "literary fiction" (a phrase still unrecognised by the Oxford English Dictionary) since the 1960s, but it was in the early 80s that it became established. There were earlier progenitors, such as John Fowles, whose novels combined dark or misdirected sexual passion with an obstinate bookishness – and showed that you could be self-consciously literary and make money. Clearly, The French Lieutenant's Woman lies behind some of the more playfully erudite English novels of later decades, notably AS Byatt's Possession. It is no accident that Fowles's publisher was Tom Maschler, who was instrumental in establishing the Booker prize in 1969.
The key date was 1981, when Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children won the Booker prize. The Booker had already begun to acquire notoriety – the year before had seen a much publicised run-off between William Golding and an entertainingly grumpy Anthony Burgess – but now it seemed to be revealing something new. Rushdie was an unknown, discovered by the judges, and Midnight's Children seemed like nothing in the English novel before. For the first time the prize ceremony was televised.
Interviewed for our programme, Ishiguro recalled this moment being "absolutely pivotal" for young writers attempting to stretch the bounds of the English novel. "I think people are right to think of it as an iconic book that ushered in a new sort of attention for literary writing." It was unparochial not only because of its subject matter and its Indian narrator, but because of its formal ebullience. It owed more to Günter Grass and Gabriel García Márquez than to the modern masters of English fiction (although its literariness included a kinship with Laurence Sterne's 18th-century classic Tristram Shandy).
Ishiguro is convinced that if his own first novel, A Pale View of Hills, had been published five years earlier it would have disappeared without trace. Formally divided between two narrative sections and two countries – England and Japan – it arrived just as readers and critics were embracing, even looking for, narrative experiment. The appetite for such fiction made it rapidly newsworthy, and younger novelists became celebrities. In 1982 the first branches of Waterstone's opened. Any book lover now middle-aged will recall how those first stores made novels, in particular, look like alluring commodities. Also interviewed for our programme, former Granta editor Ian Jack remembers how "the book became a fashionable object, the novel became a fashionable object in the 1980s". In 1983, Granta published its list of "The Best of Young British Novelists" in an issue that included excerpts from such writers as Martin Amis, Julian Barnes and Ian McEwan. The cover, featuring an exploding pen and a union flag, shouted that British fiction was the new thing. The first extract was the opening of Amis's as yet unpublished Money, bursting on the reader with a linguistic verve and lexical daring that seemed almost un-English. Now even sentences could be exciting.
As a marketing exercise, it worked. Novelists began featuring in newspapers and magazines; new novels – and the advances that novelists had received – became news items. The Booker prize became a passport to commercial success. "Literary novelist" started to look like a rewarding career path, not an after-hours occupation. Prizes and lists were ways on to this path. Jack, himself responsible for the 2003 Granta list, is blunt: "Literary novels really depend on prizes, and they depend on lists." Partly it is just a matter of needing maps. The territory is thronged. Those Waterstone's tables may be already highly selective, but they are still crowded. We all need signs. But it is also a matter of perceived critical judgment. Literary fiction seems to invite discrimination.
This is because such fiction calls attention to form. Once this was the property of avant-garde fiction; in recent years it has become a tendency in fiction that appeals to a mass readership. A leading case is David Mitchell's 2004 novel Cloud Atlas. This has a narrative structure unimaginable in a bestseller 20 years ago. Its author describes it as a "russian doll": six separate narratives, one inside another, set in six different times (ranging from the 19th century to some distant, post-apocalyptic future) and written in six different genres. Each narrative appears as some material remnant in the subsequent narrative.
The formal playfulness is elaborate, yet it was not just shortlisted for the Man Booker prize, but was also selected as the Richard and Judy Book Club book of the year. Similarly, when Sarah Waters's 2006 novel The Night Watch employed a reverse chronology, it did not stop it being Radio 4's Book at Bedtime – or reaching a large reading public. Narrated in three sections, dated 1947, 1944 and 1941, it has multiple plots that require us to discover the causes of effects that we have already witnessed. It is the kind of narrative sophistication that ordinary readers now take in their stride.
In the press and on radio and TV, discussion of new fiction is frequent but is almost all about its content. In fact it is formal restiveness, even tricksiness, that has distinguished much of the literary fiction of the past couple of decades. When I talked recently to a novelist of my interest in the "tricks" of contemporary fiction, he objected to that word. To him it implied formal gimmickry – a substitution of devices for narrative skill or literary depth. Yet this need not be the implication of detecting the tricks of contemporary fiction. Think of this moment in one of the best-selling and most widely admired literary novels of the 21st century:
She knew what was required of her. Not simply a letter, but a new draft, an atonement, and she was ready to begin.
BT
London 1999
This is the mock-ending of Ian McEwan's Atonement, which looks as if it is signing off (that tell-tale reversion to the novel's title) but in fact comes with a thickness of pages still remaining. It is a trick, certainly. The first time you read the novel you are almost certainly taken aback – until you realise that BT are the initials of the protagonist, Briony Tallis, and that what you have been reading is her story, not McEwan's. The trick is deeply satisfying, for it enacts what it reveals: that fiction might be a way of making up for reality. The atonement mentioned in the last sentence is not the subject of the story – it is the narrative itself. You can tell that the trick is not shallow, because when you read the novel again, it still works. You know that the story is being made up by one of the characters, yet it is impossible not to believe it.
Narative tricks were certainly in evidence among the first-time novelists we read, sometimes announcing a literary ambition that was unsupported by gifts for characterisation or consistent plotting. Many novels were divided between different narrative voices or different tenses, or both. Several were made up of alternating narratives set in the present day and then in some distant historical period. First-person narration, which predominated, was often characterised by some expressive impediment. It was as if debut novelists had been reading The Remains of the Day or The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time and thought of new ways in which they could fashion narrators with cruelly constrained powers of expression. There was also a fair amount of what Dr Johnson would have called "fine writing" – sentences designed to call attention to their style. Dimly some recalled that literary novelists did not use sentences just to get from A to B.
Yet among our dozen, there were one or two who seemed wonderfully oblivious to formal trickery. I remember beginning Jim Powell's The Breaking of Eggs and experiencing an unusual narrative voice that was neither inadequate nor self-consciously stylish, and a story that proceeded in traditional Greene-ian fashion, from self-delusion to disillusion. The narrator is a man in his 60s, living in Paris and subsisting on the travel guide to eastern Europe which, because of his communist sympathies, he has been editing for most of his adult life. With the collapse of communism, and a visit to his long-lost brother in the hated United States, his ideological convictions begin to crumble. Powell was one of our two chosen novelists over the age of 60 – like his protagonist. The fashion for literary showiness seemed to have passed him by.
The pressure for narrative playfulness does not just come from other books. There is also the influence of film and TV narrative. A novelist such as Andrea Levy uses complicated patterns of flashback and multiple viewpoints that derive from the screen rather than the page. The debt of fiction to film and TV narrative has not been fully measured by critics, though readers now take it for granted. You could often see this in our debut novels, particularly in the readiness to cut rapidly and without explanation from one carefully described scene to another, making narrative out of montage. Rose Tremain, the representative on our programme of the original 1983 Granta list, thinks that the influence of film distinguishes post-70s fiction. "I think that the other thing that perhaps affected my generation is that we had all seen an awful lot of cinema, we were all great cineastes. And I think cinema, and the swiftness of cinema, and the conciseness of imagery in cinema can inform fiction marvellously well."
The new force is creative writing. Of the 57 novels submitted to our panel, almost a third were by graduates of creative writing courses. Invariably, writers who have been on such courses announce the fact in the information printed below the author's photograph on the dustjacket of their first novel. It is as if graduation from such a programme is a further recommendation to the potential reader. When Manchester University hooked Amis to teach creative writing, it confirmed the status of an academic subject now able to recruit the biggest beasts of contemporary fiction. Here was the scourge of cliché and flabby thinking announcing his desire to give seminar-room guidance on how to write. A still young subject seemed vindicated.
Like many academic critics, I fancied myself resistant to the wiles of the creative writing graduates. Yet, disconcertingly, I noticed some of the debut novels that I most admired were by authors who were the products of such courses. Samantha Harvey's The Wilderness, for instance, sounds in outline like a creative writing exercise. It is the story of Jake, an architect who, it slowly becomes clear, is suffering from the first stages of Alzheimer's. Narrated in the third person, it follows the glitches and gaps in his own recollections. Like many literary novels now, it is narrated in the present tense, but with the irresistible purpose of inhabiting his experience. Sections in the past tense revisit islands of memory, allowing the reader to piece together the story of his adult life. Yet I found myself both seized and intrigued by its method, which allows the reader to inhabit the escalating errors of the protagonist.
I wonder if the growth of creative writing is a symptom as much as a cause, profiting from an increased interest among readers – as well as writers – in formal experiment in narrative. It was not just what the novels were about, but the way they got written, that became more various and unpredictable. And what has driven this has surely been academic, too. During the 1980s and 90s, academic literary criticism sealed itself off from the general reader. What went on in seminar rooms and academic books became remote from the world outside. Yet many – probably the majority – of successful literary novelists had taken English literature degrees. Everyone knows that McEwan and Ishiguro did the MA in creative writing at the University of East Anglia, but both of them already had English degrees from other universities. Some novelists (Graham Swift, Alan Hollinghurst, William Boyd, Waters) had been Eng lit postgraduates.
While pretending hieratical removal from the world of ordinary readers, literary academics were shaping the novel because they were teaching the novelists-to-be. Some successful novelists have been explicit about how the study of fiction inspired their own writing. I remember Louis de Bernières telling an audience of his readers that an MA course had helped him to discover the multi-narrator form that made Captain Corelli's Mandolin a literary bestseller. Mitchell has recalled in an article how Cloud Atlas had its origins in his study of Italo Calvino's If on a Winter's Night a Traveller during his MA in comparative literature at the University of Kent. Calvino's novel is composed of a sequence of interrupted narratives, inspiring Mitchell to pursue the conceit: "How many narratives deep could I go? Four? Six? Nine? Italo Calvino got to 12 in If on a Winter's Night a Traveller, but he never 'came back' to recontinue his interruptions. Could a novel boomerang back through the sequence, picking up where narratives C, B and A had left off, in reverse order? The problems would be knotty, but knottiness encourages original escapology."
So another kind of a literary novel is one that has a close relationship with classic literary works – and that expects readers who can recognise the kinship. Thus the opening sentence of Zadie Smith's On Beauty:
One may as well begin with Jerome's e-mails to his father.
You are supposed to recognise, of course, the mock-insouciant opening sentence of EM Forster's Howards End:
One may as well begin with Helen's letters to her sister.
But it is not just an opening sentence. The reader of On Beauty who has read Howards End will get things that other readers miss, for Smith imitates and wryly updates the main episodes of her original. It is all, we might say, a joke on her own characters, who think that they are making their own story but are comically doomed to imitate the story of others. Waters, another novelist who has studied literature as well as read it, offers delicious surprises to those who have done likewise. Fingersmith, her version of a Victorian sensation novel, has a plot twist that is all the more stunning if you think you have been cleverly recognising the plot of Wilkie Collins's The Woman in White.
Alan Hollinghurst's 2004 Man Booker winner The Line of Beauty does not just feature a protagonist, Nick Guest, who is researching a PhD on style in Henry James: it also holds out special pleasures for readers who are themselves familiar with James's fiction. Hollinghurst became renowned for introducing a middlebrow readership to explicit gay sex, but the commercial success of his deeply literary narrative inventions is more significant. The minutely discriminating, free, indirect style of The Line of Beauty, following the patterns of Nick's own thoughts, is a kind of homage to the style of "the Master", with its small qualifications and quizzical inferences. If, like author and character, you relish James, you will relish the novel the better.
There are more graduates from literature, especially English literature, degrees than ever. And there are all those book groups, dedicated to the critical discussion of novels. Literary fiction is not the invention of marketers; it answers the interests of readers. We have become so used to the thought that any higher literacy is in retreat before the forces of electronic media and consumer idiotism, that perhaps to imagine the opposite has become impossible. Perhaps the simple truth is that literary fiction has flourished because there are more literary readers than ever.

shakespeare and his works

For all his fame and celebration, William Shakespeare remains a mysterious figure with regards to personal history. There are just two primary sources for information on the Bard: his works, and various legal and church documents that have survived from Elizabethan times. Naturally, there are many gaps in this body of information, which tells us little about Shakespeare the man.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon, allegedly on April 23, 1564. Church records from Holy Trinity Church indicate that he was baptized there on April 26, 1564. Young William was born of John Shakespeare, a glover and leather merchant, and Mary Arden, a landed local heiress. William, according to the church register, was the third of eight children in the Shakespeare household—three of whom died in childhood. John Shakespeare had a remarkable run of success as a merchant, alderman, and high bailiff of Stratford, during William's early childhood. His fortunes declined, however, in the late 1570s.
There is great conjecture about Shakespeare's childhood years, especially regarding his education. Scholars surmise that Shakespeare attended the grammar school in Stratford. While there are no records extant to prove this claim, Shakespeare's knowledge of Latin and Classical Greek would tend to support this theory. In addition, Shakespeare's first biographer, Nicholas Rowe, wrote that John Shakespeare had placed William "for some time in a free school." John Shakespeare, as a Stratford official, would have been granted a waiver of tuition for his son. As the records do not exist, we do not know how long William may have attended the school, but the literary quality of his works suggests a solid educational foundation. What is certain is that William Shakespeare never proceeded to university schooling, which has contributed to the debate about the authorship of his works.
The next documented event in Shakespeare's life is his marriage to Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582. William was 18 at the time, and Anne was 26—and pregnant. Their first daughter, Susanna, was born on May 26, 1583. The couple later had twins, Hamnet and Judith, born February 2, 1585 and christened at Holy Trinity. Hamnet died in childhood at the age of 11, on August 11, 1596.
For the seven years following the birth of his twins, William Shakespeare disappears from all records, finally turning up again in London some time in 1592. This period, known as the "Lost Years," has sparked as much controversy about Shakespeare's life as any period. Rowe notes that young Shakespeare was quite fond of poaching, and may have had to flee Stratford after an incident with Sir Thomas Lucy, whose deer and rabbits he allegedly poached. There is also rumor of Shakespeare working as an assistant schoolmaster in Lancashire for a time, though this is circumstantial at best.
It is estimated that Shakespeare arrived in London around 1588 and began to establish himself as an actor and playwright. Evidently Shakespeare garnered some envy early on, as related by the critical attack of Robert Greene, a London playwright, in 1592: "...an upstart crow, beautified with our feathers, that with his Tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide, supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse as the best of you: and being an absolute Johannes fac totum, is in his own conceit the only Shake-scene in a country."
Greene's bombast notwithstanding, Shakespeare must have shown considerable promise. By 1594, he was not only acting and writing for the Lord Chamberlain's Men (called the King's Men after the ascension of James I in 1603), but was a managing partner in the operation as well. With Will Kempe, a master comedian, and Richard Burbage, a leading tragic actor of the day, the Lord Chamberlain's Men became a favorite London troupe, patronized by royalty and made popular by the theatre-going public.
Shakespeare's accomplishments are apparent when studied against other playwrights of this age. His company was the most successful in London in his day. He had plays published and sold in octavo editions, or "penny-copies" to the more literate of his audiences. Never before had a playwright enjoyed sufficient acclaim to see his works published and sold as popular literature in the midst of his career. In addition, Shakespeare's ownership share in both the theatrical company and the Globe itself made him as much an entrepeneur as artist. While Shakespeare might not be accounted wealthy by London standards, his success allowed him to purchase New House and retire in comfort to Stratford in 1611.
William Shakespeare wrote his will in 1611, bequeathing his properties to his daughter Susanna (married in 1607 to Dr. John Hall). To his surviving daughter Judith, he left £300, and to his wife Anne left "my second best bed." William Shakespeare allegedly died on his birthday, April 23, 1616. This is probably more of a romantic myth than reality, but Shakespeare was interred at Holy Trinity in Stratford on April 25. In 1623, two working companions of Shakespeare from the Lord Chamberlain's Men, John Heminges and Henry Condell, printed the First Folio edition of his collected plays, of which half were previously unpublished.
William Shakespeare's legacy is a body of work that will never again be equaled in Western civilization. His words have endured for 400 years, and still reach across the centuries as powerfully as ever. Even in death, he leaves a final piece of verse as his epitaph:
Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbeare
To dig the dust enclosed here.
Blessed be the man that spares these stones,
And cursed be he that moves my bones.

upcoming words in english

new words in english
Word Meaning
  Affluenza
  A blend of 'affluence' and 'influenza'.
  A social disease resulting from extreme materialism and excessive
  consumerism: earning more money and consuming more, which
  can lead to overwork, debt, waste, stress, anxiety, etc.
 
  Agritourism
  A form of tourism in which tourists stay on farms or in agricultural
  villages, and often participate in farm activities.
  Alcopop   Fruit drinks fortified with alcohol, designed and marketed to appeal
  to young people.
  Audiophile   Person who loves and collects high-quality audio equipment.
  Baggravation   Blend of the words 'bag' and 'aggravation'.
  A feeling of annoyance and frustration at the airport when your
  baggage has not arrived but the other passengers' bags have.
  Breadcrumbing   A navigation technique which helps users by displaying a list of links
  to the pages they have visited when exploring a website
  e.g. home >>vocabulary>>transport.
  Burkini or Burquini   Blend of 'burqa' and 'bikini'
  A swimsuit worn by Muslim women which covers the whole body
  i.e. the arms to the wrist, the legs to the ankle, with a hood to
  cover the hair and neck.
  Busking   Performing on the streets and other public places, while soliciting
  donations.
  Busy urban areas will attract street performers (buskers) who sing,
  play, juggle, etc
  Buzz   Excited interest or attention surrounding, for example, a new invention,
  a recent event or something that has become fashionable.
  Buzzword   A new word or expression that is commonly used in specialized
  work environments or age-groups, and has become fashionable. 
  Terms used in advertising can often convert into buzzwords and
  become widely used.
  Captcha   Completely Automated Public Turing Test To Tell Computers and
  H
umans Apart.
  A distorted image of letters and numbers used to ensure that a
  response is not generated by a computer, in order to prevent
  spamming.
  Carjacking   Blend of 'car' and 'hijacking'
  When a car driver is forced to give up his vehicle or drive to a
  destination designated by the attacker.
  Chatroom   Areas on the internet where people can communicate by
  exchanging typed messages.
  Chick lit   Books, usually featuring female characters,  written by women on
  contemporary themes and issues that appeal more to women than
  to men.
  Citizen journalism   News collected and reported by ordinary people, especially
  through the use of blog software.
  Cloud computing   A computing service which enables access to a shared pool of
  resources (servers, data storage, applications, etc.) over the Internet.
  For example, users can access and use tools or applications through
  a web browser without having to install them on their computers.
  Content farm   A website that publishes large amounts of low-quality content, or
  content copied from elsewhere, in order to attract visitors and
  improve its search-engine rankings.
  Copyleft   Opposite of copyright.
  Whereas copyright imposes restrictions on the distribution of a work
  or publication, copyleft eliminates restrictions and allows freedom of
  use for all.
  Cot potato   Very young child who spends a lot of time watching television.
  (cot = a baby's bed)
  Couch potato   A person who spends a lot of time sitting in front of the television.
  Daycation   A trip or short vacation which lasts only one day -
  daycationers do not stay away overnight.
  Decruitment   Euphemism for laying-off staff or downsizing a company.
  Docusoap   Blend of 'documentary' and 'soap'.
  (soap opera: sentimental TV serial)
  A 'docusoap' is a reality television programme in the style of a
  documentary.
  Dramedy   Combination of  'drama' and 'comedy'.
  A film, play or TV programme that mixes drama and comedy.
  Earworm   A tune that keeps repeating itself over and over again in our heads.
  E-cruitment   Online recruitment of employees, including online submission of
  resumes and cover letters.
  Elancer   A professional person who works from home and provides services on
  the internet.
  Emoticon   A blend of 'emotion' and 'icon'.
  A symbol, used in email messages, which is made out of
  punctuation marks and resembles a human face.
  E-piracy   Electronic piracy
  Illegal downloading of material found on the internet (films, music, etc.)
  E-stalk   To stalk (follow) someone using Internet searches and email.
  E-waste   Electronic material and devices that have been thrown away.

 
  Fashionista   Person who dresses according to the latest fashion trends.
 
  Flame war   A period during which angry or rude email messages are exchanged.
  Flash mob   A crowd that gathers in a pre-determined place, performs an action
  then disperses very quickly. The mob is not told exactly what to do
  until just before the event.
  Flexitarian   A vegetarian who sometimes eats meat or fish
  Freemale   A woman who is happy to stay single and independent so that she
  can do what she wants when she wants.
  Flightmare   Blend of 'flight' and 'nightmare'.
  Unpleasant air travel experience (lost luggage, missed connections, etc.)
  Foodoir   A blend of 'food' and 'memoir'.
  An account of someone's life or personal experiences, with a strong
  emphasis on food, often including recipes and cookery advice.
  Funemployed/
  Funemployment
  A blend of 'fun' and 'unemployed'.
  Someone who enjoys not having a job because they have more
  time for leisure and fun activities. 
  Funkinetics   A form of energetic step aerobics that mixes exercise and soul music.
  Gastropub   A pub which, in addition to beer and alcoholic drinks, offers
  gastronomic cuisine.
  Gastrosexuals   A new generation of men who see cooking more as a hobby than
  a household chore, and use their cooking skills to impress friends
  and potential partners.
  Glamping   Blend of 'glamour' and 'camping'.
  Luxury camping : sleeping in the open but with every comfort
  including cooking equipment.
  Greycation   Going on holiday or vacation with grandparents in order to
  reduce the cost.
  Guesstimate   Blend of 'guess' and 'estimate'.
  A rough estimate without any claim of accuracy.
  Hacktivist   A person who manipulates information on the internet in order
  to transmit a message, usually political.
  Hoody or hoodie   A person, especially a youth, wearing a hooded top.
  Hotspot   Location in which wireless Internet access is available
  for example airports, hotels, train stations, etc.
  Infomania   Constantly checking and responding to email and text messages.
  Infotainment   Blend of 'information' and 'entertainment'.
  Online services connected to information and leisure activities.
  It bag   High-priced designer handbag that is the bag "of the moment", or
  a "must-have" item.
  It girl   A girl who has become a celebrity more through intense media coverage
  than through any personal achievements (e.g. Paris Hilton).
  Jumbrella   Blend of 'jumbo' and 'umbrella'.
  Very large umbrella set above tables outdoors at a coffee shop,
  pub or restaurant.
  Landline   A telephone connected to wires in a fixed location as opposed
  to a mobile or cell phone.
  Locavore   A person who only eats food produced locally.
  Mailbomb   To deliberately try to disrupt another computer system by sending
  massive amounts of email to it.
  Meritocracy   The idea that merit and individual effort determine one’s success
  rather than wealth or birth.
  Mocktail   Non-alcoholic drink that looks like a cocktail.
  Nail tat   A temporary tattoo applied to the nails.
  Netbook   Small laptop computer which weighs less than 3 pounds and has
  a 7 to 10 inch screen.
  Netiquette   Blend of 'network' and 'etiquette'.
  Set of rules governing appropriate behaviour and courtesy on the
  internet.
  Netizen   Blend of 'internet' and 'citizen'.
  A person who spends an excessive amount of time on the internet.
  Nevertiree   A person who continues to work after they have reached the age
  of retirement.
  Newbie   A new member of any group, community, or activity.
  Nonliner   Someone who rarely or never uses the Internet, usually because
  they cannot access it.
  Noogler   New Google employee.
  Notspot   An area where there is slow Internet access or no connection at all.
  Noughties   The years between 2000 and 2009 which contain a 'nought' (zero),
  in the same way as other decades are called the 'thirties', 'sixties',
  etc .
   
 
  Offshorable   Something that can be done or produced in another country, especially
  at reduced costs.
  Optics   The way a situation appears to the general public, or the impression
  it gives.
  Outernet   Traditional media (newpapers, magazines, radio, television) as opposed
  to the internet.
  Overparenting   Being excessively protective of one's children in order to guarantee
  their safety and ensure their success in life.
  Oversharing   Providing too much information on the Internet (credit card details,
  personal information, etc.) especially through social network sites.
  Overworking class   A segment of today's working population where there is a desire or need
  to work long hours.
  Password fatigue   Being tired of having to remember a large number of passwords for
  different electronic devises.
  Quintastic   A blend of the adjective 'fantastic' and the prefix 'quin'.
  An informal way of referring to a person who is aged fifty or over
  but remains sexy, smart, energetic and successful, especially
  someone famous.
  In August 2011 President Barack Obama will become a quintastic.
  Recessionista   Popular new term for a person who succeeds in dressing stylishly
  on a tight budget.
  Road rage   Aggressive habits often resulting in violence against other drivers.
  Robocall   Commercial telemarketing call which plays a recorded message.
  Sandwich generation   A generation of people who care for the needs of their children
  as well as those of their own elderly parents.
  Screenager   A young person or teenager who spends a lot of time in front of
  the computer screen.
  Sitcom   Blend of 'situation' and 'comedy'.
  A drama, on television, based on humorous everyday situations.
  Slumdog   Very poor, underprivileged person who lives in an overcrowded
  squalid area of a city called a slum.
  Smirt   Blend of 'smoke' and 'flirt'
  Smoking prohibition laws have led to a new sort of social pastime :
  'smirting', smokers getting to know each other when outside on
  the pavement.
  Snail mail   The standard system of delivering mail which is very slow in contrast
  to electronic mail.
  Sofalise/sofalize   Stay home and use the internet, phone or other electronic device to
  communicate with people (social networking, chatting, tweeting, etc.),
  rather than go out and meet them face to face.
  Spinnish   The language used by spin doctors, spokes-persons, campaign
  managers, etc. when trying to present information in a favourable
  light.
  Staycation   A vacation in which you stay at home and relax or visit places
  close to where you live.
  Textual harassment   Sending text messages to mobile phones which insult or abuse
  people.
  Tombstoning   Jumping or diving into water from a dangerously high place such as
  a hotel balcony, a cliff, bridge, wall, roof, etc.
  Trashion   Blend of 'trash' and 'fashion'.
  Fashionable items created from old, used and recycled elements.
  Trekkie   A fan of the TV science fiction series Star Trek.
  Tribal marketing   Marketing strategy which consists in using the social behaviour of
  certain groups ('tribes') of consumers (e.g. surfers, rappers) to promote
  a product or service. Very often used by clothing and accessory brands.
  Tweet   People who 'tweet' send short messages via the microblogging
  service Twitter.
  Tweetheart   A user of the Twitter service who is very popular or admired, or with
  whom other users communicate a lot.
  Upskill   Teach an employee new or additional skills.
  Videophile   Person who is very interested in watching videos and making
  recordings, and values high-quality results.
  Viral marketing   Marketing strategy that consists in encouraging people to pass along
  information to friends, family and colleagues through e-mail messages,
  blogs, video-sharing, etc., so that the marketing message spreads
  like a virus.
  Vook   A combination of video, text, images and social streams in an
  electronic book.
  Web rage   Anger or frustration as a result of difficulties or problems encountered
  when using the Internet.
  Webinar   Presentation or seminar conducted over the web.
  Weblish   A form of English that is used on the web (use of abbreviations,
  acronyms, small letters, absence of punctuation and hyphens etc.)
  Also known as : webspeak, netspeak, internetese.
  Widget   Blend of 'window' and 'gadget'.
  A small application or tool that can be installed and executed
  within a web page.
  Winterval   Blend of 'winter' and 'festival'.
  A festival that takes place in winter.
  Wordle   The words of a piece of text arranged into a sort of graphic. 
  The more frequent a particular word appears in the text, the bigger
  its size in the wordle.
  (Also called 'word cloud' or 'text cloud'.)